Farm Wagon Running Gear
The lightweight and multi-purpose Conestoga wagon was a vital form of transportation in the Eastern United States. These popular covered wagons were used in the Conestoga Valley of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania and surrounding frontier areas for over one hundred years. They were introduced to the states by German settlers beginning in the early 1700s and used to transport military supplies during the war of 1812.
Anatomy of a Conestoga Wagon
The structure of a Conestoga Wagon was important because it was practical for its most common use, which was to transport merchandise. The wagon was shaped like a boat with a sloping front and rear construction to keep contents from tumbling to the ground while climbing steep roads in the Appalachian valleys. It was a large, lumbering vehicle weighing close to a ton with a fourteen-foot underbody painted blue, nineteen-foot upper body painted red, and a 16 foot by four foot by four foot bed.
In The Expressmen, David Nevin states that the size of these wagons actually varied according to their purpose. For instance, if the wagon was used to haul "fast" or light freight it was smaller and had a one ton capacity inside, but if the wagon was used to transport mining machinery it was larger and referred to as a "10-tonner." He does state that most of the wagons were the same size, though, an average size that could serve many purposes, capable of hauling a maximum of between five and seven thousand pounds.
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